• Reference

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    How much high frequency is lost over long distances? ...
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    In the loudness contours reference, we learned that the frequency response of the human ear is not flat and it also varies ...
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    The equal loudness contours (often referred to as Fletcher & Munson contours for reason explained below) represent the level that different frequencies need to have in order to be perceived by a listener ...
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    The different types of directional patterns in microphones are a common source of inaccurate graphical representations as well as numerical data that are not entirely correct or complete. In this reference we include a table of complete parameters as well as polar curves. ...
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    The following table shows the resulting damping factor, signal loss, attenuation and impedance for different loudspeaker ...
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    Maximum speaker cable lengths for low and high impedance ...
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    In this article we'll explain impedance calculations as simply as possible, as well as describe the different types of connection. ...
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    The illustrations below show the connection between balanced and un-balanced outputs on different connector types (XLR / Cannon, 14", phono/RCA/cinch) to balanced inputs on XLR and 1/4" connectors. ...
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    There are many types of sound sources that do not require subwoofer reinforcement since they lack low frequency content. For instance, most signals captured by microphones such as voices and instruments in general, except those that do have low frequency content, like double ...
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    This article will explain loop-though connections and "y-cables" for analog audio signals. ...
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    Tables for conversion from Q to B/W (bandwidth) for DSP bell-type EQ. ...
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    The spectra of pink and white noise are often a source of confusion. The difficulty arises from the fact that the spectra of these types of noise (or rather, their graphical representation) will change depending on the type of analyzer that ...
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    In general, two-channel power amplifiers for professional use default to stereo mode. That is, each amplifier channel receives a signal from its input connector and its volume is controlled by that channel's volume control. So, really, although the name of that default mode is 'stereo', it is more of a two-channel mode, since those two channels do not necessarily have to be right and left. For example, they could be two separate channels for the stage monitors of different musicians. Or the high and midrange bands of a multi-amp system ...
    Published on 16 Jan 2019 03:19 PM
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    Pin asignments for an assortment of connectors: XLR, 1/4" (jack), 1/8" (minijack), SpeakON, DB25, DMX ...

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    Octaves, thirds of octaves and decades are divisions of the spectrum used in audio, since they work in the same way as the ear, increasing their width in Hertz as frequency increases, and decreasing it when frequency decreases. They are used for the definition of the width of filters, as well as for the spectral analysis. ...
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    For cost and space saving reasons, some devices often use connectors that integrate both an input and an output, typically on a female 1/4" connector. This type of arrangement ...
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    Although it not specific to sound, we include this document with some basic electricity formulas. They can be found in any electricity textbook, but we have added them to the DoPA Library for reference ...
    Published on 26 Apr 2023 02:16 PM
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    In this article, we discuss the origin of the dreaded feedback and how to avoid it ...