The equal loudness contours (often referred to as Fletcher & Munson contours for reason explained below) represent the level that different frequencies need to have in order to be perceived by a listener
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The different types of directional patterns in microphones are a common source of inaccurate graphical representations as well as numerical data that are not entirely correct or complete. In this reference we include a table of complete parameters as well as polar curves.
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The illustrations below show the connection between balanced and un-balanced outputs on different connector types (XLR / Cannon, 14", phono/RCA/cinch) to balanced inputs on XLR and 1/4" connectors.
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There are many types of sound sources that do not require subwoofer reinforcement since they lack low frequency content. For instance, most signals captured by microphones such as voices and instruments in general, except those that do have low frequency content, like double
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The spectra of pink and white noise are often a source of confusion. The difficulty arises from the fact that the spectra of these types of noise (or rather, their graphical representation) will change depending on the type of analyzer that
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In general, two-channel power amplifiers for professional use default to stereo mode. That is, each amplifier channel receives a signal from its input connector and its volume is controlled by that channel's volume control. So, really, although the name of that default mode is 'stereo', it is more of a two-channel mode, since those two channels do not necessarily have to be right and left. For example, they could be two separate channels for the stage monitors of different musicians. Or the high and midrange bands of a multi-amp system
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Octaves, thirds of octaves and decades are divisions of the spectrum used in audio, since they work in the same way as the ear, increasing their width in Hertz as frequency increases, and decreasing it when frequency decreases. They are used for the definition of the width of filters, as well as for the spectral analysis.
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For cost and space saving reasons, some devices often use connectors that integrate both an input and an output, typically on a female 1/4" connector. This type of arrangement
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Although it not specific to sound, we include this document with some basic electricity formulas. They can be found in any electricity textbook, but we have added them to the DoPA Library for reference
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Defender (part of the Adam Hall group) has announced Xpress Series cable protectors, available in two versions (Xpress 40 and Xpress 100) with 40 mm and 100 mm wide cable ducts, and can be placed... Read more
Studiomaster has launched a compact commercial audio loudspeaker system to its professional loudspeaker catalogue with the introduction of its InstaCube 4... Read more
Audio-Technica is expanding its range of commercial audio products with the introduction of its new Engineered Sound Wireless system. Audio-Technica’s Engineered Sound Wireless system is a DECT-based wireless solution that reportedly offers simple, smart, and scalable high-quality audio. This system addresses many challenges of conventional wireless microphones, such as frequency coordination... Read more
Yamaha has launched its redeveloped ProVisionaire suite of system design, control and management software, which allows customisable configuration and operation of audio systems, alongside the new DME7 Digital Signal Processor.
The ProVisionaire platform has been redeveloped with three core applications which support... Read more
The state or quality of being understood. It can apply to an idea or a writing, but in our context it relates to the spoken word and, less commonly, to music.... Read more
The importance of cables for the connection between the amplifier and the speaker is often controversial. Hi-fi aficionados spend fortunes on cables that promise spectacular results, and our short auditory memory and subjectivity lead many to confirm these improvements in their systems.... Read more
Constant voltage, high impedance or line transformer systems are often a somewhat confusing concept for professionals used to rock and roll. They are actually very simple to design, among other things because they are intended to be installed by electricians and the like, with little experience in sound systems. In this article we will try to clarify the simple concepts needed to understand this type of system.... Read more
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